When it comes to some of the problems we are facing in the world with regards to food production, hydroponic gardening offers some promising solutions. In the poorer countries where the terrain or climate is inhospitable to agriculture, hydroponics offers a means of growing healthy foods easily. Also, in those areas where the soil has lost its nutrients or fertile land is hard to come by, hydroponics can produce healthy foods using minimum space and resources.

As with all things though, it is not all good news. There are many pros and cons any grower should weigh before deciding to commit to hydroponic gardening.

First, the pros. In comparison to traditional farming, hydroponic growing can be more productive in two ways. For one, hydroponic gardening saves space. Plants can be placed much more closely together than in traditional fields because of the way nutrients are provided to them. As many as four times as many plants can be grown in same amount of space using hydroponic techniques! Secondly, hydroponics minimizes many of the problems associated with traditional farming which means less sickly, damaged, or wasted crops.

Because hydroponic growers customize their own nutrients mixes, it takes the guess work out of figuring out which field has the best soil and proper nutrition for which crop. The nutrient mix is the right one for the particular plant, in the right ratios, every time. Also, soil based diseases are virtually eliminated because there is no soil. These two factors alone make hydroponics an extremely efficient method for producing food.

Benefits accrue to the environment as well. The water consumption in hydroponic growing is significantly less than traditional methods. In many cases, hydroponic crops use just one tenth of the water! Also, the water that is used is used more effectively. For example weeds cannot come in and steal part of the crop’s water supply. And because the crops are in a controlled environment and not in a field, there is no pesticide run-off water to contaminate the surrounding ground.

The benefits are not without their costs however. The expense of hydroponic growing is an area where improvements need to be made. The nutrient mixtures and growing mediums used can be expensive.

Hydroponic growing also requires an increase in energy consumption. Much hydroponic growing happens in greenhouses, where significant amounts of electricity are used in order to give the hydroponic plants all the light they need.

While research is happening to try and bring the costs down (such as in the field of aquaponics), hydroponics can be financially prohibitive for those areas where it is most needed.

Research in the field of hydroponics is filled with promise and much research needs to be done. Many of the problems are being addressed however, and many farmers and amateur gardeners are eagerly awaiting new developments in this promising field.

As the recent A-share market approaches the point similar to last year end, the overall valuation of Shanghai Shenzhen 300 Constituent Stock keeps going downward. As the market closed on July 3rd, the P/E ratio of Shanghai Shenzhen 300 index lowered to 10.68x, which is close to the year low record of 10.43x on January 5th, 2012. Such a figure also neighbors Shanghai Shenzhen 300 Index’s 9.37x historic extreme.

Thomson Reuters data shows that by June 29th, the dynamic P/E ratios of Standard & Poor’ 500 Index, Deutscher Aktien Index, Hang Seng Index and Shanghai Composite Index are 12.54x, 9.22x, 9.62x and 9.29x. Analysts pointed out that in terms of international horizontal comparison; there are no huge differences between A-share valuation and mature markets in America, Germany and Hong Kong, etc.. In terms of horizontal comparison, the present A-share valuation is obviously lower than the 998 points on June 6th, 2005 and 1664 points on October 28th, 2008. This is an objective support for enhancing the valuation of Shanghai Shenzhen 300 Index.ex.

The performances of A-share keeps going downwards from 2010 to 2011 and the yearly price drop ranges are 14.31% and 21.68% respectively. After the earlier continuous and considerable decline, the general valuation of A-share market gradually draws together with mature markets.

Judging from the current circumstances, analysts think that though our economic growth slows down, there is little suspense that Chinese economy will grow faster than developed countries like America and Germany in years. Therefore the valuation of A-share market is increasingly attractive.

However, the structural disparity is still significant between A-share market and other markets though the overall valuation of A-share market is drawing close to international developed markets. Thomson Reuters reveals that the industries with highest dynamic P/E ratios are biotechnology (36x), investment (20x) and retail commodity (17x). And the lowest dynamic P/E ratios are seen in air transportation (7x), auto manufacturing (8x) and insurance (9x). In contrast, the industries with best P/E ratios are food and home appliances (22x), non-ferrous metal (22x) and health & medical (20x) and the lowest are banking (6x), railway transportation (9x) and automobile (9x).

Government Supports Private Capitals Move into the Culture Industry

After General Administration of Press and Publication enacted a policy to encourage private capital entering the culture industry, Ministry of Culture also published similar policies.

However, State Administration of Radio Film and Television has not published similar policies. Reporters from China Securities Journal have learned from insiders that reform in the radio, film and television will be slower than that in press and state owned art groups. The private capital has to wait to enter the radio, film and television at least in this year.

GAPP policies primarily focused on supporting private capital apply for national culture industry special funds. It maintains that private capital receive the same treatment with state capital in press park establishment and industry park construction. Ministry of Culture stated that private capital firms will receive equal treatment with state capital firms in terms of projects establishment, tax benefits and regulatory approvals. It also encourage private capital firms including financial institutes, brokerages and culture funds to enter the culture industry.

Cheng Shaofeng, deputy director of culture industry research institute of Beijing University said that, press industry and entertainment industry reforms started relatively early and as a result private capital has high degree of involvements. At present, policies enacted by two main regulatory agencies actually officially acknowledged private capital’s status in the industry and further laid out regulations for participants to follow.

Currently among the public listed companies in the domestic market, press firms have the largest share while radio, film and television firms are next to none. -Press and media industry reform was the fastest therefore privately owned press firm and advertisement firms are abundant with high degrees of market competition. Therefore, it is relatively easy for private capital enter such industries. On the other hand, radio, film and television industries reform has not yet completed yet with planned internet, cable and phone networks combination moving very slow. In addition, many existing firms within the industry still remain bureaucratic. And as a result, private capital still faces resistance to enter into this industry.- Chen stated.

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